Sublevel stoping generally is a largescale open stoping method. Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit andor the waste to ore ratio stripping ratio are. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used. Bighole stoping method bighole stoping is an upscaled variant of sublevel open stoping, using longer, largerdiameter dth blastholes, ranging from 140 mm to 165 mm. In this method, the ore is excavated in open stopes, retreating from one end of the stope toward the other. Pdf economic comparison of drilling systems in sublevel. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Development find, read and cite all the research you. In sublevel stoping a form of open stoping, ore chutes, manway, and starting raises must be put up and one or more drifts driven on each sublevel fig. However, labor is costly, and manual mining tech niques are inefficient.
Sublevel stoping, sublevel caving, topslicing, and blockcaving require more stope preparation before ore extraction can begin. Design and operation of caving and sublevel stoping mines stewart, daniel r. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping pdf ebook php. Cn103089266a driftpillarfree sublevel barnyard caving.
The implications of design to the recovery of the sublevel cave stopes, with the greater sublevel intervals, is described in this thesis. Mining methods and method selection snu open courseware. An underground mining method used in large, steeply dipping orebodies where the wall rock is of an incompetent nature. These include the incline of the deposit whether it is flat, tilted or vertical, the width of the deposit, the grade of the ore, the hardness and strength of the surrounding rock, and. What is the difference between sublevel stopping and sublevel. With the advent of recently developed sophisticated and expensive drilling. Introduction the sublevel stoping mining method is usually applied to a relatively steeply dipping, competent ore body, surrounded by competent wall rock.
The underhand sublevel open stoping method comprises the following steps. Cn105822307a underhand sublevel open stoping method. Ore is recovered from each sublevel in a planned sequence of primary and secondary stopes with delayed backfill in a manner to create a stress shadow to avoid high stress. Pdf sublevel stoping at a large underground quarry. This method owes the first part of its name to the fact that work is carried out on many intermediate levels that is, sublevels between the main levels. The design examples used in this dissertation is based on the o640, l651 and n659. Harraz email protected 2014 2015 this material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors. Figure 3 sublevel open stoping method atlas copco, 2007 3. Ore is produced by drilling and blasting longholes, which can range from 50 mm 2 in. Key performance indicators assessed during the trial safety targets mining layout drill rig production targets support requirements. Shrinkage stoping was a common and important method in the days when few.
What is the difference between sublevel stopping and. A mining method involving overhand, underhand, and shrinkage stoping. Bigholeopen stopinguses longer blast holes with larger diameter of 140165 mm. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1. The contrasting mining strategies of full support and free displacement involve. The invention relates to a driftpillar free sublevel barnyard caving mining method of an open pit transferred underground transitional period. The method of underhand stoping in which the ore is drawn to the level above b, fig. Jun 06, 2010 rain sound and thunder 2 hours sleep meditation sound duration. The sublevels are worked simultaneously, the lowest on a given block being farthest advanced and the subs above following one another at short intervals. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping 1st edition. This method usually is applied to strong ore bodies that require minimal support and are surrounded by strong country rock.
Ebook geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping as pdf. The second half of the name derives from the caving of the hanging wall and. Economic comparison of drilling systems in sublevel stoping. Design and dimensioning of sublevel stoping for extraction of thin ore sublevel open stoping presents topics in response to the normal sublevel stoping course of utilized by most mining houses, throughout which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a selected mining method, gear availability, and work strain experience. Current longwall mining method applied in the mine the current method used in the abovementioned mines is a sublevel longwall cavingretreat method in this method, the face is formed perpendicular to the seam strike and implemented in the form of sls 75. Pdf on jan 1, 2005, marilena cardu and others published. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and work force experience. Capsula sub level stoping mem nube minera duration.
Sublevel open stoping originated in the early 1900s in iron ore mines in michigan, usa. Its characteristic feature is the use of sublevels. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and wo. In this mining method, the ore is excavated in open stopes, retreating from one end of the stope toward the other. Rain sound and thunder 2 hours sleep meditation sound duration. Sublevel caving technique free download as pdf file. It was developed over the years from a method originally known as short hole bench and train mining. This volume from crc press is published next month. Stoping sources are likely to be scheduled from a number of locations and extraction methods. Stoping is the process of extracting the desired ore or other mineral from an underground mine, leaving behind an open space known as a stope. Further consideration is needed for the strength of the ore as well as the surrounding rock.
In sublevel stoping the ore is excavated in open stopes, retreating from one end of the stope toward an entrance at the other end fig. Parallel drives are developed in the ore on equally spaced levels. Sublevel stoping mining method black diamond drilling services australia pty ltd. It finds application only when it is necessary to mine a lens of good ore below a level and it is not practicable or financially possible to do the. Sources of external dilution in underground sublevel. The invention relates to the technical field of stoping methods and particularly relates to an underhand sublevel open stoping method.
Design and operational issues for increasing sublevel cave. We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. This method is usually considered as an alternate to sublevel caving. It is the best video for understanding how to do sublevel stoping mining method. During the mining cycle, only 30 35% of the ore blasted is extracted being. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors. Practical design strategy is discussed with the sliding plane sp concept. Other articles where sublevel stoping is discussed. It is an overhand mining method that relies on broken ore being left in the stope to be used as the working floor and to support the walls. Ventilation is the primary method of clearing hazardous gases andor dust which are created from drilling and blasting activity e. Crown stope instability due to stress concentrations induced by changes in the. Oct 22, 2014 sublevel stoping underground mining methods 1. Sublevel caving technique scribd sublevel caving technique free download or readfalse online for free an underground mining method used in large, steeply underground mining methods underground mining methods.
Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds extracted by operations located in all corners of the world. Blast patterns are similar to sublevel open stoping, but with holes up to 100 m long. Sublevel caving is a bulk mining method which is largely dependent upon the gravity. Jan 21, 2018 it is the best video for understanding how to do sublevel stoping mining method. Mining method design, presented in this paper, is the result of long year investigation in the area of sublevel caving and sublevel stopping mining methods. The orebody is divided into sections about 100 m h igh and further divided laterally into. Factors which control ground behaviour such as the geometry of the openings, the influence of geological discontinuities, stress redistribution and blasting practices are discussed. Underground mining methods engineering fundamentals and. Design and operation of caving and sublevel stoping mines. Shrinkage stoping is a mining method used for steeply dipping, narrower ore bodies with self supporting walls and ore. In vertical retreat mining the stope does not take the shape of a vertical slot. For sublevel stoping the ore body and walls should be strong enough to support open stoping.
Mining progresses downwards in an orebody, with each sublevel being progressively eliminated as mining. In sublevel stoping, shorter blastholes are drilled from sublevels located at shorter vertical intervals along the vertical stope. The objective here is to present a design methodology applicable to sublevel open stoping, but also to then bridge the gap between theory and practice by applying said methodology to an actual design example. Black diamond drilling services australia pty ltd 9,153 views. Underground mining machinery glossary bibliography biographical sketches summary the first section gives an overview of underg round. In cases where fill is not used, the main concern is the sequencing of the stopes such.
One of the most important aspects of underground hard rock mining is ventilation. Sublevel stoping recover s the ore from open stopes separated by access drifts each connected to a ramp. Pdf sublevel stoping underground mining methods researchgate. The first full work on one of many crucial underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics in response to the normal sublevel stoping course of utilized by most mining houses, throughout which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a selected mining method, gear availability, and work strain experience. Economic comparison of drilling systems in sublevel stoping method. Design and dimensioning of sublevel stoping for extraction of thin ore stoping.
Generally a large scale open stoping method, it is often referred to as long hole or blast hole stoping. The method is a sublevel stoping, with haulage by conveyor belts. Anfo can be free poured into a hole or pumped down pneumatically. Stoping is used when the country rock is sufficiently strong not to collapse into the stope, although in most cases artificial support is also provided the earliest forms of stoping were conducted with hand tools or by firesetting. Sources of external dilution in underground sublevel and. The specific method of stoping depends on a number of considerations, both technical and economical, based largely on the geology of the ore body being mined. This book presents the latest mining principles and techniques in use today. The ore body should be fairly regular in shape and welldefined. Sublevel caving slc is an underground mass mining method used for extracting different types of. The orebody is developed first by a series of sublevel drifts above the main haulage level. This paper describes several sources of external dilution affecting the stope walls during underground sublevel and bench stoping. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping top results of your surfing geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Atlas copco sublevel caving mining method duration.
The driftpillar free sublevel caving mining method comprises the following steps of. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping download. It is the first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, presenting topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and work force experience. The development of coal mining from ancient times to today has experienced the artificial stage, the mechanized mining stage, and the automated mining stage. Download the first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and work force experience. This is a highly specialized me thod of stoping requiring expert input. It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. The dip of the orebody also has an influence on the mining method for example a narrow horizontal vein orebody will be mined by room and pillar or a longwall method whereas a vertical narrow vein orebody will be mined by an open stoping or cut and fill method. Sublevel stoping mining methods are generally employed to extract steeply dipping tabular ore deposits characterized by relatively long strikes and having various thicknesses. In most underground mines, a number of sources in various stages of development, production and filling are being extracted at anyone time.
The uppermost sublevel underneath the cover is partly caved. Tayyab anwar 12mn01, shrinkage stoping 4sublevel stoping 11 1 room, mining ppt 2014. Ore and waste are fragmented using blast holes drilled upwards from headings. Fil1 is not required and manual labour requirements are low.
Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping top results of your surfing geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to. Draw control strategy for sublevel caving mines simple search. Backfill practices for sublevel stoping system springerlink. The field data from sublevel caving method, applied in the ore bodies tilva ros and p 2a of jama bor, were very helpful. A long hole stoping system for mining narrow platinum reefs. Caving underground mining methods longwall, sublevel. Economic comparison of drilling systems in sublevel stoping method kazem oraee1 and amir houssain bangian2 drilling constitutes an important part of the production process in sublevel stoping method and up to 50% of the total costs can be attributed to this element. Pdf design and dimensioning of sublevel stoping for.
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